Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious Essay Example for Free

Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious Es regulariseAs Antonia Peacocke quotes in her essay, The show Family jest at is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the frontmost in floor that has been undersurfaceceled not exclusively once, but twice (300-301). The show was brought back in August 2000 and again in July 2001 when fans could not get enough of the adult cartoon. As well as being a fan favorite, Family Guy is in like manner a controversial topic for critics each(prenominal) over the world. In the essay, Family Guy and Freud Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, Antonia Peacocke analyzes the show and gives her reasons why it is not all negative and crude humor. Antonia Peacocke is a student at Harvard University. She is also a National Merit Scholar, and has won awards such as the Catherine Fairfax MacRae prize for Excellence in both English and Mathematics.She was asked to write this essay specifically for the view as They Say, I say with readings. The Pea cockes briny repoint of her entire essay is that she wants to let readers know why Family Guy is not a bad show, in her and others judgings, but one that has been criticized for solely bringing entertainment. Peacocke does a successful job in portraying this, but it is not completely clear until the end, where her thesis can be rear. The very last sentence of the essay is her thesis While I love Family Guy as much as any fan, its important not to lose sight of whats truly unfunny in real life even as we appreciate what is hilarious in fiction (Peacocke 308). Peacockes thesis could be a little more clear throughout her essay, at that placefore, I do not feel it is as sound as it could be, but the author clearly states her argument and presents her case.Peacocke starts the essay of by saying, Before I was such a devotee, however, I was adamantly opposed to the course of study for its particular brand of humor (Peacocke 300). She makes it clear her feelings about the show in the very beginning. Although she is a fan, she at one time disliked the show. She quotes Stephen Dubner, co-author of Freakonomics, as saying a cartoon comedy that packs more gags per minute about race, sex, incest, bestiality, etc. than any other show he can think of (Peacocke 300). She backs up her one time opinions by saying It will come as no surprise that I was not alone in this view many facilitate denounce Family Guy as bigoted and crude (Peacocke 300).Although the show is currently very successful, she says It must be one of the few shows in television history that has been canceled not hardly once, but twice The show ran until August 2000, but was besieged by so many complaintsthat Fox shelved it until July 2001 (Peacocke 300). Also, she says, I must admit, I can see how parts of the show might seem offensive if taken at face value (Peacocke 302). At one point Peacocke realized, I found myself forced to give Family Guy a chance. It was simply everywhere (Peacocke 302).One of Peacockes main points is that Family Guy has gained much positive attention. On Facebook, as Peacocke explains, there are 23 universal sepa set up Family Guy groups with a combined membership of 1,669 people (compared with only 6 groups protesting against Family Guy, with 105 members total). Users of the well-respected Internet Movie Database rate the show 8.8 out of 10 (Peacocke 303). As you can see, among the public and within the industry, the show receives fantastic acclaim it has won eight awards, including three primetime Emmys (Peacocke 303). Also, when the show was on the brink of cancellation, fans grantd the brute source necessary to get it back on the air (Peacocke 303). The more she was around the show, the more positively she viewed it. Peacocke then goes on to say that those who do not often watch the show, could easy come to think that the cartoon takes pleasure in controversial humor just for its own rice beer Peacocke 303).The next main point that Peacocke cla ims is that viewers who pay more attention and think about the creators intentions can see that Family Guy intelligently satirizes some aspects of American culture (Peacocke 304). The next paragraph is a segment from an episode in season 4, which shows Stewie reading a book only because it was on the Oprah reading list. Peacocke says Brian and Stewie contend insightfully and comically how Americans are willing to follow the instructions of a celebrity blindly and less willing to admit that they are doing so (Peacocke 304). The jokes that Family Guy is know for, attract a different kind of viewer. Such viewers areconscious and critical viewers (Peacocke 304). In my opinion, the very last sentence is the some powerful in the whole essay. Peacocke states They are not and I cannot stress this enough, self serving as it may seem immoral or easily manipulated people (304).Peacocke says that it sheds light on, and allows viewers the ability to analyze what they are watching, the cre ators of Family Guy point out the weaknesses and defects of U.S. society in a mocking and sometimes rigid way (Peacocke 305). A good example of this is the segment from the episode I Am Peter, Hear Me Roar. In this episode, the instructional video quoted above becomes not only funny but also insightful. In its satire, viewers can recognize the sickly sweet and falsely sensitive sexism of the 1950s in observing just how conveniently self-serving the speaker of the video appears. The message of the clips denounces and ridicules sexism rather than condoning it (Peacocke 305).The last main point that Peacocke makes is that Family Guy does not aim to hurt, and its creators take certain measures to agree it from hitting too hard Seth MacFarlane plainly states that there are certain jokes too upsetting to certain groups to go on the air (Peacocke 307). Also, Peacocke states that I count Family Guy has its intelligent points, and some of its seemingly coarse scenes often have hidden meri t (Peacocke 308). In the next sentence Peacocke does admit that sometimes the creators do seem cross or, perhaps, eagerly race past the line of indecency (Peacocke 308). In her closing paragraph, Peacocke questions the fact that while Family Guy can provide a sort of relief by breaking down taboos, we must still wonder whether or not these taboos exist for a reason (Peacocke 308). every three main points that the author makes are valid, and as seen in quotes, each main topic is backed up by main points. The first main point is that Family Guy is gaining positive attention. Although this is a valid point, as seen by the popularity, and the awards, this isnt reason enough to call the show good. As the author states, at one point she was not a fan of the show but it later turned onto it by exposure. The content of the show did not change for her opinion to change, she just gave the show a chance and realized she liked the humor.The second main point is that the show makes intellectua l references to American culture. This is a valid point as to why the show is good. Any show with a little bit of substance makes references to the past and current topics. It tells what is going on in the world, and explains topics everybody should be aware of. The last main point is that Family Guy breaks rules that no other major TV program or network has been able to break. Although many critics believe these are rules that shouldnt be broken, the creators believe it needs to be done. This makes it a good because it crosses boundaries that others are afraid to cross.Conclusion will link back to first comparison to Freud.Work CitedPeacocke, Antonia. Family Guy and Freud Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. They Say, I Say with readings. Ed. Cathy Birkenstein, Russel Durst, and Gerald Graff. New York W.W. Norton, 2012. 300-308. Print.

Major Parties Platforms Essay Example for Free

Major Parties Platforms EssayParty platform is a list of the principles which a political party has pin down in order to convince the general public to vote in the political party into the office. It gives the party the objectives and goals that it will fol unkept if it is voted in the office. In the unite States they be two major political parties that is the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.The democratic party historically has support the following platforms ethnic minorities ,organized labor where it has emphasise on labor unions which provide a voting base that support the party and progressive reforms i. e. democratic party in it platform has always supported a more progressive tax structure that is able offer proper services and rule justly to its people. The Party has always favored greater government intervention in the U .S economy and opposed government intervention in the private sector since private sector are effective in helping the poor than the ruli ng government. On the other hand there is Republican party which historically has supported the following platforms low taxation to the people due to the increases in the growth domestic product growth and also generate more income to the government, milieual standards , reduction in environment regulation, development of conservative policies in order to promote prosperity in the economy and also government protection.The party also advocates for a strong bailiwick defense for its people until recently when interventionist action ended. Republican has also stood up for corporation and individual decision making in promoting economic prosperity whereby atomic number 53 is economically responsible for the action and decision that he decide to incorporate. . Describe the Role of Third Parties in The Past Presidential Elections. The third parties have been of crucial importance in the US electoral process for a very long time.Third parties have sprung up from ideological spectrum a lthough none of them has managed to win the alternative since the time of Abraham Lincoln. Third parties have much contributed in by pushing issues into light which would have been ignored by majority parties. For example if the issue looked at by third party finds resonance with the voters the major parties are likely to adapt the issue into their platform.Third parties have also helped in increasing voters kit by bringing more people to the polls therefore impacting the chances major party candidate winning by gathering enough votes, for example in 2004 it was estimated that 33% registered republicans ,43%democrats and other parties contributing for 25%. Third parties also play a major role in the US policy and the political debates in spite of their minor presence in the congress. Therefore they end up contributing to the changing of the political debate and also the policy making process.Though this role the role of the third party depends on seriousness of the candidacy beca use he or she helps in Making the debate of issues more substantive and less hot for example in 1992 when reform party nominated Ross Perot as the candidate for president. Ross Perot advocated for the reduction of budget federal deficit an issue that was not seriously looked upon in previous elections. By so this was where Perot Ross received a 19% of the total votes. REFERENCES George C. E, Martin P. W and Robert L. (2002). Government in America People, Politics and Policy. Longman publishers Texas http//www. wikipedia. com

Determinants of Exchange Rate in Malaysia

Determinants of Exchange Rate in MalaysiaChapter 1 Introduction1.0 IntroductionAs the world develops and get more than integ stepd, business trading or even international trading has became a very common activity. Currency or most commonly known as money is use or circulation to pay in transposition for reliables and services, money be use as a medium of flip-flop. There ar two kinds of money form, the cussnotes and the coins. Banknotes argon more commonly used because of its convenience. Money is indeed a very important invention in human kind history.As times goes by, more and more polar kind are introduced by countries and these different currency are controlled and printed by their national banks. As the world getting more integrated, the relationship of these currencies is getting more complicated. The dominating currencies include the US vaulting horse, British Pound Sterling and the Euro Dollar.Malaysia is a developing country located at the South East Asiatic Kua la Lumpur is the capital city for Malaysia. Malaysia has gain independent from the British colonist in the year 1957. In 1967, the National Bank of Malaysia had introduced the Malaysia vaulting horse and it had been using it as the authorised currency to trade in Malaysia. During the decades, the currency had authentic and minor changes were made. Now, the currency is already known as the Ringgit Malaysia (RM).Ringgit Malaysia (RM) had always been st able and developing during the course of decades. However, during the Asian currency crisis, Ringgit Malaysia (RM) was badly affected and the volatility of the currency is severe. Due to the effect of the Asian currency crisis, the Ringgit Malaysia (RM) is fluctuating between 3.80 and 4.40 a US dollar. The Malaysia currency was implying the vagabond rate regime until end of 1998, the government of Malaysia decided to peg Malayan Ringgit to US dollar at a rate of RM3.80 to a US dollar.In this research, a study volition be conduct w ith a proceeds of The determinants of exchange rate in Ringgit Malaysia. In this chapter, brief explanation will be done for background of study, problem statement, research gesture, research objective, residenceificant of study and outline research. The other chapters of belles-lettres review, data and methodology, data analysis and also conclusion.For Malaysia, exchange rate is one of the most important factors affecting the development of the countries economy. It will influence the interest of investors because exchange rate risk plays will affect the profitability of their investments. Many studies had on exchange rate exactly very little is about the Ringgit Malaysia. However the factors influence the movements of Ringgit Malaysia that will be discussed in this research are Inflation rate, Interest rate, Gross domestic product, and Balance of Payment.1.1 Background of StudyOn the day of June 1967, it is an historical moment for the Malaysian history because the new fund amental bank of Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia had introduced the Malaysian dollar. The Malaysian dollar was use to replace the Malaya and British Borneo dollar.The word ringgit means pointy inBahasa Malaysia. It came from the idea of the serrated run intos of silverSpanish dollars. cash Spanish dollars was commonly spread in area the 16th and 17th century throughout the area during Portuguese colonial era. The word Ringgit means dollar in Malay, capital of Singapore dollar and Brunei dollar are sometimes also referred as the ringgit. In August 1975, ringgit and sen were formally used as the official names. The sign used $ (or M$) is finally replaced by RM (Ringgit Malaysia) in around 1997, MYR is organism used internationally as the code for Ringgit Malaysia. The ringgit is separated into 100 sen. As for Malaysian coins, the denominations will be 1 sen, 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, 50 sen, and RM 1. For the denominations for banknotes, it will be RM 1, RM 2, RM 5, RM 10, RM 20, RM 50, RM 100, RM 500 and RM 1000.Ringgit Malaysian had replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar, the new currency was ab initio priced to British pound with the ratio of 1 sterling(prenominal) to RM 8.57 as same as the old currency. Five months from the launching of the new Ringgit Malaysia in November 1967, the pound sterling had depreciated approximately 14%. The Ringgit Malaysia was not influenced much as it is not pegged to pound sterling but the value of Malaya and Brunei dollar fall in value too. notwithstanding of the appearance of the new currencies in Malaysia, the three neighbors countries which includes Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei still keep the Interchangeable Agreement which stated the currency union that Malaysian Dollar was able to change at the equality with the Brunei Dollar and Singapore dollar. Yet in May 1973, the Malaysia government decided to withdraw from the agreement, Malaysia Ringgit will no longer pegged to Singapore dollar or Brunei dollar. However, t he Monetary Authority of Singapore and Brunei Currency and Monetary Board still preserved the interchangeable of their two currencies.In the 1990s, Malaysia experienced a economy boost. A lot of investors were making tons and tons of money from the Malaysia Capital Market. However, when the Asian Currency Crisis happened in 1997, the unanticipated wave kept many a(prenominal) investors stocked, they wasnt prepare to face such ciao. The currency commercialise was badly affected, ringgit was much affected too. Many economists came out and analysted the reason behind this crisis, many even adjust the blame on the famous speculator, Mr George Soros.At that period, Ringgit Malaysia was valued between 3.80 and 4.40 to the US Dollar,the former Malaysia Prime Minister, Tun Dr Mahathir decides topeg the national currency to the US dollar in September 1998, fixed its 3.80 to the US Dollar. This peg lasted as long as seven years. After the crisis, Ringgit Malaysia had yet to regain its valu e against most study currencies. During 2004, ringgit seems to be undervalued by 15 to 20 percent. In the same year, because of the depreciation of US dollar, ringgit was weakens by 17.9 percent against euro and 10.2 percent against Japanese Yen.In July 2005, China had proclaimed that the Chineses currency, Renminbi will no longer peg to US dollar. After the announcement, Malaysia also announced the end of the peg of Ringgit Malaysia with US dollar. According to Bank Negara, Malaysia will now allow the currency to float in a managedrangeagainst numerous major currencies. This has made the price of the ringgit increasing closer to its supposed market value, the national bank has intervened to maintain the stability of Ringgit and not to allow too much fluctuation.After following the free float regime, the ringgitvalue went upto as spunky as RM3.16 to a U.S. dollar in April 2008. On 24 April 2010, TheStar online reported, the ringgit value has increased about 6.7 percent yearly aga inst US dollar. According to Business Times, January 15, 2011, ringgit had rush almost a 14 years high of RM3.052 for a US dollar. Ringgit Malaysia shows a movement of appreciation year by year. It is also a good sign of stability of economy in Malaysia.1.1.1 Development of Ringgit Malaysia1.1.1. a. Development of Bank NotesFirst series of Malaysian DollarMalaysian dollar banknotes were initially issued by Bank Negara Malaysia on 6 June 1967. The dollar banknotes are denominated in $1, $5, $10, $50 and $100. On September 1968, the Malaysian national bank, Bank NegaraMalaysia had also issued $1000. Additionally, the image of Tunku Abdul Rahman, the origin Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia was printed on the first banknote of Malaysian dollar. Also, Tun Ismail bin Mohamed Alis signature was printed on the first dollar note of Malaysia who was the Malaysian Governor of Bank Negara at that moment. On 16 August 1972, Bank Negara Malaysia adopted an new administrator to include the na tional language, Bahasa Malaysia into the printing of the new banknotes while remaining the old material bodys. (Jack, H. 2008) insurgent series of Malaysian DollarIn 1982, Bank Negara Malaysia had figureed and issued the second series of Malaysian Dollar, the Malaysian traditional decorative was used as design on the new Malaysian dollar. The second series of Malaysian dollars come in $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500, and $1000. However, the numbers of $20 bank notes were less compare to the other sum total of the currency. In 1997 when the Asian Financial Crisis happened, large amount of number of $500 and $1000 were transferred out of the country. In about 1993, $1 coin was introduced to substitute the $1 notes. Since then, $1 notes were discontinued.Third series of Malaysian DollarIn 1996, in the spirit of Wawasan 2020 Bank Negara Malaysia had issued the troika series of Ringgit Malaysia. They are denominated in RM2, RM5, RM10, RM50 and RM100. To deter and debar counterfei ters, additional hologram strip was added on the RM50 and RM100 notes. A new series of RM10 note was issued by Bank Negara Malaysia in 2004. Security features antecedently implied in RM50 and RM100 notes alike the holographic strip is added to the new series of RM10 note. Also, RM 5 note with distinctive transparent window designed was introduced they are made in polymer material which was neer had in Malaysia. Bank Negara Malaysia also suggested all paper notes will be replaced by polymer notes in the future.Fourth series of Malaysian DollarBank Negara Malaysia had released a new design of RM50 banknote which will enter the circulation at the beginning of January, 2008. The banknote RM50 remained the unique colour of green-blue but changed a new design. The new design is to support the national mission which expresses the moving up of value chain for economy of the country. Malaysia economy is under the transformation of higher value-added activities such as agriculture,manufact uringand services. sensation the right of the currency, the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong,Tuanku Abdul Rahman is remained. The national flower, hibiscus is also designed to present at the centre of the banknotes. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of Independence day, the logo of 50th Anniversary and featuresMalaysias first Prime Minister,Tunku Abdul Rahman declaring independence is also printed on the reverse of the banknotes. New security features include a watermarked portrait of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a security thread, fluorescent elements, and multi dark-skinned latent were also added to prevent counterfeiting. On 2011, Bank Negara Malaysia announced the re-introduction of RM20 banknote.1.1.1. b. Development of CoinageFirst series of Malaysian CoinageIn 1967, the first series of Malaysian sen coins were introduced. They are denominated in 1 sen, 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, and 50 sen. After that, in 1971 the 1 Ringgit Malaysian coin was introduced to the public. First, the Ring git Malaysian coins are varied by diameters. Practically all the coins were minted in almost consistent obverse and reverse designs. The frontage is depicting the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, the official star and crescent woolgather from the Malaysian flag, Jalur Gemilang. Malaysian coins are all minted from cupronickel with the only exception of 1 sen. The 1 sen coin was minted in bronzein the year 1967 to 1972. From 1973 onwards, the national bank of Malaysia minted the 1 sen coin with steel clad combinedcopper. Redesigning was made on the50 sen coin. For the 50 sen coin, minor modification was made to add the Bank Negara Malaysia letterings at the edge of it. The first Malaysian coins series was halted in 1989 because the second series of Malaysian coins was introduced. The first series of Malaysian coins are still in the circulation till now, but the number had reduced significantly.Second series of Malaysian CoinageIn 1989, the second series of Malaysian sen coins was intr oduced and entered into the circulation. Second series of Malaysian coins was redesigned, but generally retaining the design of edges, diameters and composition of the previous series. However, changes were made for the 1 Ringgit Malaysian coin. Modification include drawing of Malay cultural items on the front of the coin. On the upper berth half of the bank of the coin, the thenational flower, Hibiscus was printed. The designer of this series of coins was Mr Low Yee Kheng. The size of the 1 ringgit coin was also changed, from the original diameter of 33mm to 24mm. It was then minted from an alloy of copper,zincandtin. On December 2005, Bank Negara Malaysia decided to withdrawn the 1 ringgit coin from circulation because it was demonetised. The standardisation of the 1 ringgit coin from the two different versions was the problem behind it.Bank Negara Malaysia announced that a rounding mechanism of prices to the nearest 5 sen will apply to all the blooming all around the country. This policy will start effective from April 1, 2008 onwards. With the latest policy from Bank Negara Malaysia made the 1sen 1 sen coin irrelevant. Items selling are still allowed to be priced in multiples of 1 sen, but the total bill will be rounded to the nearest 5 sen.Third series of Malaysian CoinageOn 25 July 2011, the third series of Malaysian coins is being announced by the Bank Negara Malaysia. The new series of coins are released on 2012. The third series of Malaysian coins are being issued as commemorative coins. A theme Distinctively Malaysia is carried by the third series of Malaysian coins. Motifs of flora and fauna drawn are used in the design in this series of coins also the various cultures in Malaysia. It also reflects the diversity and richness of Malaysias national identity. These coins are denominated in 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen and 50 sen. According to representative Finance Minister Datuk Donald Lim, the productions of the coins are reduced by approximately 50% b ecause of the change in metal composition. The diameter of the coins have also changed, colour on the 20 cent and 50 cent had changed from silver to yellowish gold. New designs like the fourteen dots symbolizing the thirteen states and the Federal of Malaysia are included in the new series. The five horizontal lines on the coins indicate the five principles ofRukunegara. As for the 50 cent, the round shape of the coins with nine indentations represents the original BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA lettering. Besides, the 50 cents from the third series will have a latent image security feature. When the 50 cent coins are tilted slightly, denomination 50 and SEN can be seen.1.2 Problem StatementExchange rate risk is a one of the key risk that international investors will take account when evaluating an investment. Therefore, determinates of exchange rate is a very important yield. Factors affecting the exchange rate are critical in determining the price of Ringgit Malaysia. A stable and predicta ble exchange rate will help the economy of a country to grow. If we know the significant factors affecting the exchange rate, we will be able to predict and bullying what is the price of Ringgit Malaysia. Many studies have been conducted to determine the determinants of exchange rate and most studies are done used different methods and approaches on how to evaluate the exchange rate. However, the end points bring forth by some of these studies such as Louis Kujis (1998), Eiteman et al (2001), Otuori, O. H. (2013) and Fracis Fong (2006) differs. This is due to the fact that the results are influenced by the changes of countries internal conditions and the macroeconomic environment. Unfortunately, most of the studies concentrate only on major currencies like US dollar and pound sterling but not Ringgit Malaysia. Furthermore, Ringgit Malaysia had also shown potential and its immunization against financial crisis like the sub-prime mortgage in mid 2008. However, there has been little reference when analyzing the Ringgit Malaysias price determinates. Besides that, by using the same determinants and quantitative methods, the result for Ringgit Malaysia might differ from the result obtain towards the major currencies, as there could possibly be other factors not important in the developed countries that affects the Ringgit Malaysia or vice versa. Therefore, this paper is to attack to fill in the gap by investigating determinates of Ringgit Malaysia hence make it possible to predict the price of Ringgit Malaysia.1.3 Research QuestionThe key research question asked is thusWhat are the factors affecting the exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia against US dollar?1.4 Research ObjectiveTo explore the determinates of Ringgit MalaysiaTo evaluate the relationship between price of Ringgit Malaysia and major macroeconomic variables1.5 Significant of StudyMany studies had done to investigate the factors affecting the exchange rate. It had no doubt that exchange rate will an imp ortant topic to study. Exchange rate is influence by both countries internal conditions and also the macroeconomic variables. Most studies done are concentrating the major currencies like the US dollar, Euro dollar and British Pound Sterling. The result obtained from this research will be compare and check with these prior researches. Furthermore, most of these prior studies are done on developed countries currencies this paper will also attempt to check for any similarity or differences between the currencies from developed countries and developing countries. In conjunction, the lack of studies done concerning the exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia, this paper is done with the hope of assisting and helping more research that will be done on exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia in the future.1.6 kitchen stove of StudyThis paper studies the impact of interest rate, inflation rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Balance of Payment (BOP) toward the exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia. Qua rterly data are used in this paper. 40 observations were used to carry on this study. However, due to the lack of data point from some variables, the sample size of this study had readjusted to 32 with a sample period of 2006 to 2013.1.7 Outline ResearchChapter 1 consists of the general background and aim of this paper. Besides, this chapter has briefly explained the problem to be investigated, the objectives and the significance of this study.Chapter 2 provides the literature review and more detailed facts about how the investigation will be carried. Hence, prior research theories that are related to this topic are presented. Using the theories previous discovered by other researchers, a framework will be constructed to analyze the volatility of exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia from the data collected. The journals collected are from different sources there include the online databases, journal articles and books.Chapter 3 presents the methodology and the data used in this researc h for analyzing the volatility of exchange rate of Ringgit Malaysia. Here, this chapter also explains how the investigating had been done. Furthermore, this chapter is carve up into parts such as theoretical framework, sample of analysis and the hypothesis-testing framework.Chapter 4 describes and explains the empirical results and data analysis of the result obtained. It consists of statistical reports, and how do these reports related to the topic studied. Above all, this chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between the dependent variables and its determinants.Chapter 5 will summarizes and highlights all the key finding of the study. The conclusion will be a compendious of the overall analysis and investigation done in the study.

The Perks Of Being A Wallflower

The Perks Of Being A WallflowerThe Perks of Being a Wallflower takes us to immature places we either know or remember well the heart-fluttering premiere crush or the high-school obsession with an SAT score.Yet despite the familiar material in The Perks of Being a Wallflower material that will be especially recognizable to those who have read the young-adult novel on which it is based the disjointed provided refreshingly earnest exposure ultimately establishes itself as a charmer.While Stephen Chbosky directing from his screenplay, based on his 1999 book occasionally leans a little stark on the overtly sentimental, he succeeds at the some important element in any film about that bumpy path from pubescence to maturity date He makes us feel young. Charlie (Logan Lerman of Percy Jackson the Olympians The Lightning Thief), having recently lost his best friend to suicide, is entering high school with no acquaintances and no notable amatory history but an enormous appetite for making mix tapes and reading every classic work of fiction that his affable English teacher (Paul Rudd) slips him for particular(a) credit. When Charlie meets Patrick (Ezra Miller) and Sam (Emma Watson) seniors, stepsiblings and self-defined misfit toys he suddenly finds himself with two spirit guides willing to usher him into a world of Rocky Horror Picture Show screenings, marijuana brownies and the first glimmers of unrequited love. One could argue that Chbosky adheres to his original work a bit too closely there are moments in Perks when scenes flow abruptly from wizard to the next, as if the filmmaker is racing to squeeze the most crucial plot points into a 103-minute running time. Still, the performances by the charismatic young actors particularly the uber-confident Miller rectify for any missteps. The early(a) star of the depiction is the soundtrack, which, in keeping with the early-90s setting, spills forth a parade of melodies from the Cocteau Twins, Cracker and t he Smiths. That makes Perks a film designed both for desirous Generations and the text-addicted kids of today. It is a movie for anyone who has ever ridden in a car beside his closest high-school friends with his hair whipping in a liberating weekend-night wind and his heart filled with a sense of the infinite.According to Charlie, since the dawn of motion pictures, music has played an integral part of the cinematic experience. Before the advent of talkies, music quickly became a indispensable tool to aid the narrative. These conventions have become moviemaking standards and are still used today. The use of music is a vital part of a movie. It helps create the sensation in the viewers where as a film with no music would be flat. Not only is it used to convey the emotion but to raise drama, establish time, advance the story or even mislead the viewers. Since the movie the perks of being a wild flower was written in the late 90s, the directors survival in music was well suited for the movie. For example, in the scene where the trio enters the tunnel and Sam (Watson) stands up all of a sudden the shout Heroes by David Bowie come on the radio and later or ends up being blasted through it. This song is significant there because Sam was standing up in the car while entering the tunnel, which gives the viewers the feeling that even for one day they could be heroes and lovers. If any other song was played in place of that, it would not have created the same feeling. Similarly, the song Asleep by Smiths is one of the many songs that Charlie likes to listen to. This song fits well in this movie because the lyrics of the song repeat itself, as it does in Charlies playlist.Acting is equally or even more important than sound. Just because the sound is great doesnt make more than deflection if the actors and the acting is not there. The roles of Sam, Patrick and Charlie are played equally talented teens. Sam played by Emma Watson was an outstanding performance by her . Ms. Watson is known for her character, Hermione from the Harry monkey Series. Although she has an accent, she worked on it and strived to sound like any old American teenager. Emma Watson was a good choice for this role because of her short hair she fit the character as a rebellious, doing whatever they want kind of teenager. Logan Lerner plays the role of Charlie, a lonely soul, does a fantastic job in playing in playing the part. He is famous for is fabulous role in Percy Jackson and the Olympians. Charlie is a delicate character and has to be portrayed in a delicate manner. Although, other roles were important, the most critical role in the movie is that off Charlies. Mr. Lerners character has to quickly gain attraction and be likeable by the viewers otherwise the movie would seem pointless. Another major character in the movie, Patrick played by Ezra Miller, is to help guide the other characters to final destination so to speak. Millers ability to be comical and serious fits the character he played. He does an outstanding job as a scene-stealing, impossibly cool, life-of-the-party, openly gay senior Patrick. The three actors did a phenomenal job at playing the part.In my opinion, The Perks of Being a Wildflower is a fantastic movie that takes me back to my high school days. I can relate to the movie because I too was a lonely freshman entering high school, with the hopes of making one friend other than my natural philosophy and math teachers. However, this movie falls into a lot of clichs. Just because this movie is set in the 90s, doesnt make the bells and whistle gays and drug abuse, more superior to other films in the same genre. The teen-film genre about a teen trying to fit in with others is a popular genre, but what made me like this movie is the personal connection I felt with the character Charlie. Being one of his first films, the author and director of this book and movie, Stephen Chbosky, does a phenomenal job at representing the book. Bein g based on a book, there are some differences between the two to a certain extent. For instance, in the book Patrick and Charlies relationship is much tenser than that portrayed in the movie. If I had to guess, the director probably didnt have enough screen time to have that scene develop, or perhaps to have a more emotional connection to the director. All in all, this movie was fantastic and would recommend anyone to go watch. One thing I know for sure is that I wouldnt mind watching it a second or third time.

The History And Evolution Of Saarc Politics Essay

The History And Evolution Of Saarc Politics EssayThe south Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) comprises eight countries of South Asia, i.e. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. The idea of regional cooperation in South Asia was first mooted in May 1980 by Bangladesh President Ziaur Rahman. President Rahman addressed letters to the Heads of political science of the countries of South Asia, presenting his vision for the future of the region and the obligate arguments for regional cooperation in the context of evolving inter subject field realities. The Foreign Secretaries of seven countries in South Asia met for the first time in Colombo in April 1981 and identified cardinal broad argonas for regional cooperation. A series of meetings followed in Nepal (Kathmandu/November 1981), Pakistan (Islamabad/August, 1982), Bangladesh, India (Delhi/July 1983) to levy regional cooperation. The next step of this process was the Foreign Mi nisters meeting in New Delhi in 1983 where they adopted the Declaration on South Asian Regional Cooperation (SARC). During the next two years South Asian nations committed themselves to stress this South Asian alliance and the process culminated in the First SAARC Summit held on 7-8 December in 1985 in Dhaka where the Heads of State or Government of seven countries, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka adopted the Charter formally establishing the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).It is an Association based on the consciousness that in an increasingly interdependent world, the objectives of peace, freedom, social jurist and scotch prosperity are best achieved in the South Asian region by fostering mutual reason, good neighbourly relations and significant cooperation among the component States which are bound by ties of history and cultureThe objectives and principles contained in the SAARC Charter are as followsObjectivesa) To promote the welfare of the peoples of South Asia and to improve their flavor of lifeb) To accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural increment in the region and to provide all individuals the opportunity to live in high-handedness and to realise their full potentialc) To promote and strengthen collective self-reliance among the countries of South Asiad) To contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one a nonhers problemsd) To promote vigorous collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fieldse) To strengthen cooperation with other developing countriesf) To strengthen cooperation among themselves in international forums on matters of familiar interests andg) To cooperate with international and regional brass instruments with similar aims and purposes.Principlesa) Cooperation within the framework of the Association is based on respect for the principles of sovereign equality, territorial inte grity, political independence, non-interference in the immanent affairs of other States and mutual benefitb) Such cooperation is to complement and not to substitute symmetrical or multilateral cooperation andc) Such cooperation should be consistent with bilateral and multilateral obligations of Member States.Preamble to the SAARC CharterThe preamble to the SAARC Charter spells out the intention of forming this South Asian alliance as We, the Heads of State or Government of BANGLADESH, BHUTAN, INDIA, MALDIVES, NEPAL, PAKISTAN and SRI LANKA Desirous of promoting peace, stability, amity and progress in the region through strict adherence to the principles of the UNITED NATIONS CHARTER and NON-ALIGNMENT, particularly respect for the principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, national independence, non-use of force and non-interference in the internal affairs of other States and peaceful settlement of all disputesConscious that in an increasingly interdependent world, the objectives of peace, freedom, social justice and economic prosperity are best achieved in the SOUTH ASIAN region by fostering mutual understanding, good neighbourly relations and meaningful cooperation among the Member States which are bound by ties of history and cultureAware of the common problems, interests and aspirations of the peoples of SOUTH ASIA and the need for joint action and enhanced cooperation within their respective political and economic systems and cultural traditionsConvinced that regional cooperation among the countries of SOUTH ASIA is inversely beneficial, desirable and necessary for promoting the welfare and improving the quality of life of the peoples of the region Convinced besides that economic, social and technical cooperation among the countries of SOUTH ASIA would contribute significantly to national and collective self-relianceRecognising that increased cooperation, contacts and exchanges among the countries of the region will contribute to the promo tion of friendship and understanding among their peoplesDo hereby agree to establish an organization to be known as SOUTH ASIAN railroad tie FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION hereinafter referred to as the ASSOCIATIONChanges in SAARC over a period of timeAfter more than two decades since its founding at the initiative of General Zia-ul -Rahman, the then President of Bangladesh, the subjugate of members is being increased from seven to eight. And for the first time a member with no common border with India Afghanistan joined SAARC. Also China, Japan, US, South Korea and the European magnetic north attended the Summit as observers. It is only logical that in the not very distant future Russia too will be added to the list of observers.SAARC was conceived as an organisation to promote regional economic and technological cooperation. It was expected that such cooperation, if it is sustained will lead to increased political and security cooperation. Both in the courtship of European Union a nd ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) the countries concerned had a shared perception of their security challenges.This did not happen in case of SAARC. There was a war between two members of the SAARC in 1999 and a military confrontation in 2002. Therefore nurturing SAARC as a regional organisation has been a far more challenging task than those faced by organisations like the European Union and the ASEAN.In fact one member of SAARC (Pakistan) refuses to flow the normal most favoured nation treatment to its neighbour (India) though this is a basic prerequisite under the World Trade Organisation regulations.Though there has been a formal agreement to convert the SAARC region into a free trade area, Pakistan and Bangladesh have been reluctant to move towards the fulfillment of that objective. In reality SAARC is largely a name board with annual rituals, not al delegacys regularly observed.While in other parts of the world, the trend is towards countries coming togethe r to form larger markets, in South Asia this sentiment prevails only among Sri Lanka, Bhutan and India. Pakistan and Bangladesh do not contribute to the world-wide wisdom that countries coming together to form larger markets is a mutually beneficially proposition.In Europian countries like Ger more and France got over their centuries old animosity. This happened when countries like Germany, Italy, Spain discarded their authoritarian regimes and became democracies. In ASEAN too Indonesia and Malaysia concluded peace after years of confrontation. Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia who fought capacious wars with the US, which was supported by other ASEAN countries have now be come after economic and political partners of countries which careed to wage war against them.Unfortunately such radical transformation has not taken place in South Asia. There are reasons to believe that underlying this difference in development may be that religion-based identity exercises greater dominance in some co untries of South Asia than nationalism-based identity.In admitting a number of successful economic military forces as observers to the SAARC, the expectation is that such interaction may help to convert the mindset of the countries which still resist regional economic cooperation and integration in a world which is rapidly globalising. India has attempted to get Bangladesh into a BIMSTECH battle array consisting of Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Such a change in mindset is a time-consuming process and therefore there should not be exaggerated expectations with the overbold get down with entry of Afghanistan into SAARC and five new observers.The future of SAARC appears to be brighter because in the past. SAARC was buffeted by Cold War tensions and Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh were attempting to exploit the differences between India and China and India and the US. Recent changes in the orientation of US policy and the Washington perception about the need to have a bal ance of power in Asia and consequent need to enhance Indo-US relations have had a radical impact on Indias relations with China and South East Asia.Increasingly India is referred to as one of the six balancers of power in the emerging international system. India today has a strategic partnership with Russia, the US and the European Union and a strategic dialogue with China and Japan.The visits of postmortem Wen Jia Bao of China, President Vladamir Putin of Russia, Prime Junichiro Minister Koizumi of Japan and President Bush to India and invitation to India along with China to attend the G-8 summit of advanced industrial powers has helped to transform the plaza in the SAARC region towards increasing cooperation.There is now better realisation that neither India-China nor India-US relations can be exploited by other nations as happened during the Cold War.In the SAARC region democracy is gaining ground. Afghanistan has an elected government for the first time. Recent developments in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal, though yet to result in full blown democracy are moving in a positive direction. In Bhutan monarchy is voluntarily transforming itself into a democracy.Some Pakistani intellectuals argue that the factor that stands in the way of regional cooperation and integration in South Asia is the overwhelming dominance of India which constitutes more than 70 per cent of the population, resources and industrial and agricultural production of the region. It is therefore difficult to study the evolution of SAARC with that of European Union or ASEAN. In a sense it could be argued that India itself with its multi-culturalism, multilingual, multiethnic and multi religious composition is like a further incorporate European Union.Political evolution within India has make it inevitable that India will be federally governed by coalitions of all-India and regional parties with regional autonomy and aspirations fully accommodated. This development is bound to have its i mpact on the rest of the SAARC region. So will Indias rapid economic development, its aspirations to twist a knowledge basedsociety, its secular set and democracy.There were people in Indias neighbourhood who thought Indian unity would not survive. This conviction persuaded them not to invest in the evolution of SAARC over the pull round two decades. That situation is changing.Though it is unrealistic to expect any immediate radical changes in the attitudes of Pakistan and even Bangladesh towards SAARC there is no doubt that a new era of increasing integration is beginning, because of the forces of globalisation and emergence of an international balance of power.Challenges OpportunitiesThe region is full of challenges and opportunities. South Asia is home to more than 1.5 billion people associated with heterogeneous racial, lingual and religious groups. Some of the main challenges and problems facing the region include poverty, illiteracy, underdevelopment, terrorism, human tra fficking, and racial and ethnic conflicts. Similarly, food and energy crises have in like manner come out as burning issues of the region. In spite of such challenges and problems, South Asia is abundant in human as well as natural resources. When these resources are managed and utilized effectively, the region is sure to make considerable socio-economic progress within a short span of time.The South Asian people have many reasons to be optimistic if we look at the SAARC Charter that has included all the existing realities in the sub-continent, with the countries of different sizes, various levels of socio-economic development, historical legacies between and among the nations of the region. But, when the progress made by SAARC is assessed minutely, we do not find a very encouraging picture in terms of quality of life the people in South Asia.However, SAARC is gradually fostering cooperation among the member states in a wide range of areas. Because of its contributions to promoting peace, good neighbourly relations and bringing about socio-economic transformation in the region, SAARC has become a valuable forum among its member states. As a saying goes Rome was not built in a day, the regional forum also requires some more time to achieve its goals and objectives.

Nigeria Fertility Rates :: Fertility Rate Africa Nigerian Essays

Nigeria Fertility Rates The fertility rates in Nigeria are high because of Nigerian guard toward family planning. Strangely, African maternal mortality rates are also the highest in the world.Nigeria, on the South Atlantic coast is one of the typical rural-based countries of Africa. It is generally cut down in terms of education and income when compared to the rest of the world. Nigeria is also one of the leading populated countries of Africa with one-fourth of the Sub-Saharan African macrocosm. The country has contributed greatly to Africas fertility mature and the continent as a whole claims up to twelve percent of the worlds population, which is comparable to its nine percent population density in 1950 (Caldwell, 1990, 118) Many researchers wed Africas economical and educational standings to the continents high fertility rates. However, this hypothesis was proven wrong by a comparison study done on the two continents of Africa and Asia. twain had similar social and economic numbers, but today Asias economy has grown more than Africas, and Asias fertility rates have declined more than a third since the 1980s. As a result of these studies many researchers straight off say that the reason for high fertility rates in the world is among the lifestyles of the people. Nigerian lifestyle is commonly rural and less industrialized than that of the rest of the world (Caldwell, 1990, 118).Not surprisingly, the introduction of family planning to African countries such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Nigeria started out slowly. At a world population conference in Bucharest in 1974, most African governments cautiously took direction toward national population programs. Only a few countries supported such programs Nigeria was not among them. Ten years later, at a conference in Mexico City, most African Nations supported family planning. The Nigerian government set president and now encourages women to limit themselves to four children other countries throughout the con tinent are doing likewise (Caldwell, 1990, 123). Although Nigeria was one of the first to try directly controlling the number of children a match should have, it is still struggling with family planning. Like most African governments, the Nigerian government is a little apprehensive to create a population control program, much less one similar to Chinas. This is due to their fear of inflicting on the views of fertility issues. Nigerian views are somewhat different they are centered on beliefs and spiritual practices that are strange to the modernized world (Caldwell, 1990, 121).

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for FatherOn behalf of myself, my mom and my brother, I want to thank everyone for being here....On the one hand, I was dreading today. I dont want to cry anymore. I dont want to yearn to hug my dad one last time, long to see his smiling face or hear his cheerful voice. On the other hand, I wanted today to come so that I could be around all of the people who bash my dad so that I might feel his presence through sharing memories of him,....sharing tears....and maybe even sharing some laughter.How do you come to wrong with the loss of your belove vex? How do you find happiness again? How do you move forward despite your aching heart, emptiness and sadness? Its the like Im in the midst of a nightmare that doesnt disappear when I wake up. I desperately want to find peace within myself about my fathers death. I want my faith to reassure me that my dad is still with me in spirit. I think if I take this time to share the kind of man my father was, we might all feel like he is sti ll very much alive.My dad was the most passionate person Ive ever known. When he believed at that place was truth in something, he strived to educate others in the hopes they might open their minds to new possibilities. He was silly and zany with a great sense of humor. His alive(p) presence was evermore felt in a room. He was a voracious reader. If I ever had a question about something, he always had answers because hed read an article or a book recently about it. He was generous with his time. He would do anything for anybody at any time. My dad loved toys. When I was a kid, hed buy me things that he really wanted to play with like capsella and model trains. He was an extremely sentimental person. When he visited his grandson for the basic time 2 months ago, he bought him his first model car and purchased the New York Times that came out the day after so that Matthew would someday know what was sack on in the world the day he was born, he saved all magazines, he framed simple notes sent by friends that signified an strategic time in his life, he couldnt bare to sell his childhood home.